Computers are tools used to process the data according to procedures that have been formulated. Computer word originally used to describe people who perkerjaannya perform arithmetic calculations, with or without assistive devices, but the meaning of this word is then transferred to the machine itself. Originally, the processing of information is almost exclusively related to arithmetical problems, but modern computers are used for many tasks that are not associated with extensive matematika.Secara, Computers can be defined as an electronic device that consists of several components, which can cooperate between each component another to produce an information based on existing programs and data. The computer components are included: Screen Monitor, CPU, Keyboard, Mouse and Printer (as complementary). Without a computer printer can still do its job as a data processor, but not limited to the monitor screen looks in print form (paper).
In this definition there are tools such as slide rules, mechanical calculators types ranging from abacus and so on, until all contemporary electronic computers. The term better suited for a broad sense such as "computer" is "that process information" or "information processing system."
Today, computers are becoming more sophisticated. However, before the computer is not as small, sophisticated, cool and light as now. In the history of computers, there are 5 generations of computer history.
1. First generation (1944-1959)
Vacuum tubes as a signal amplifier, is typical of first generation computers. At first, the vacuum tube (vacuum-tube) is used as a component of a signal amplifier. Raw materials consisting of glass, so much has disadvantages, such as: easily broken, and easy to distribute the heat. This heat needs to be neutralized by other components that serves as a coolant
And the presence of additional components, existing computer finally become large, heavy and expensive. In 1946, the world's first electronic computer the ENIAC sesai made. On the computer contained 18,800 vacuum tubes and weighs 30 tons. so large in size, to the point that requires a separate classroom.
In the picture appears ENIAC computer, which is the world's first electronic computer that has a weight weighing 30 tons, length 30 M and 2.4 M and require high power kilowatts2 174.
2. Second Generation (1960-1964)
Transistors are the hallmark of second-generation computers. Raw material consists of three layers, namely: "basic", "collector" and "emmiter". Transistor Resistor stands for Transfer, which means to influence the survival between two of the three layers, then the power (resistor) which is in the next layer can also be affected.
Thus, the transistor functions as a signal amplifier. As a component of solid, tansistor has many advantages such as: not easily broken, do not distribute the heat. and thus, there are computers becoming smaller and cheaper
In the 1960s, IBM introduced the use of commercial computer transistors and is widely used starting in the market. IBM-7090 computer made in the United States is one that utilizes commercial transistor computer.
This computer is designed to solve all sorts of good work that is scientific or commercial. Because of the speed and capabilities it has, causing the IBM 7090 became very popular. Other second-generation computers are: IBM Serie 1400, Serie NCR 304, MARK IV and the Honeywell Model 800.
3. Third Generation (1964-1975)
The concept of the smaller and more affordable than transistors, eventually spurring people to continue to conduct various studies. Thousands transistor finally combined in one form a very small. Yag silicium size piece has successfully created a few millimeters, and this is what is referred to as Integrated Circuit or IC-chip that are characteristic of third generation computers.
The magnetic rings can be magnetized in one direction or the opposite, and finally to sinyalkan condition "ON" or "OFF" which is then translated into the concept of 0 and 1 in the binary system which is needed by the computer. In every field there are 924 memory magnetic rings, each representing one bit of information. Millions of bits of information now resides in a single chip with a very small form.
Computer used for automation first introduced in 1968 by PDC 808, which has 4 KB (kilo-byte) memory and 8 bits for memory cores
4. Fourth Generation (1975-Present)
Chiri typical microprocessor is the fourth generation of computers that are thousands of compaction into an IC chip. Because the form is getting smaller and ever-increasing capability and price offered is also getting cheaper. Microprocessor is the beginning of the birth of personal computers. In 1971, Intel Corp. and developed the first microprocessor serie 4004.
Examples of this generation is the Apple I Computer, developed by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs by entering a computer microprocessor on a circuit board. In addition, later appeared TRS Model 80 with the Motorola 68000 processor type and Zilog Z-80 uses 64KB of RAM standard.
Apple II computers that use e-6502R processor type and by 64 Mb Ram, also one of the PCs are very popular at that time. Operating systems used are: CP / M 8 Bit. This computer is very popular in the early 80's.
IBM Personal Computer began issuing in about the year 1981, using the Operating System 16 Bit MS-DOS. Due to the price offered is not much different from other computers, besides the technology is much better and bigger than IBM's own name, then in a very short time the computer is becoming very popular.
